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This is a list of North American fraternal benefit orders. Note that ethnic- and religious-oriented fraternal orders have their own list. == A == *American Benefit Society of New York - Headquartered in White Plains, New York. Had 939 members at the end of 1922.〔Preuss p.11〕 *American Benefit Society - Incorporated in late 1893 in Massachusetts. Open to socially acceptable men and women ages 18–45 who believed in a Supreme Being, and able to earn a livelihood. The organization would not enter any but the "more healthful regions of the northern States" and was particularly concentrated in New England. There were 5,000 member in the late 1890s.〔Stevens p.122〕 In 1923 it had 1,300 benefit members in 44 lodges. The Supreme Lodge was located at 1147 Tremont Building, Boston〔Preuss p.11〕 Members could skip the initiation ritual if they desired.〔Stevens p.122〕 There were no secret features.〔Preuss p.11〕 Offered death and sick benefits on an assessment plan.〔Preuss p.11〕 Disbanded by 1931.〔Schmidt p.33〕 *American Benevolent Association - Founded in 1894 in St. Louis. Open to men 14-65 and women 14-55. there were 12,000 members in the late 1890s, spread out across Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Kentucky, Iowas, Nebraska, Kansas, Indian Territory, Colorado, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia and Florida. There was only one degree, the ritual of which was "dignified and impressive." The emblems of the order emphasized "()quality for men and women, faith, hope and benevolence." Offered accident, sickness and total disability insurance.〔Stevens p.197〕 Apparently disbanded by the early 1920s.〔Preuss p.11〕 *American Benevolent Legion - Founded in the mid-1890s in San Francisco.〔Stevens p.197〕 Disbanded by the early 1920s.〔Preuss p.11〕 *American Fraternal Insurance Union - Founded the mid -1890s in Batavia, NY. Open to men and women. Had lodges throughout western NY State, admitted men and women.〔Stevens pp.122-3〕 *American Fraternal League - Merged in the North American Union in 1905.〔''Fraternal Monitor'' December 1920 Vol. XXIX #6 p.19〕 *American Home Watchmen - Founded in 1909 in Pennsylvania by the Rev. Moore Sanborn, DD, a Presbyterian minister. Open to white persons ages 16–60 who believed in a Supreme Being. There were 2,000 members in 1923, all of them in Western Pennsylvania. Locals called Forts, "Supreme Fort" located at 65 Chalfont Avenue, West View, Pittsburgh. Worked two degrees, Watchman and Scout. Ritual emphasized the three Hs Honor, Hope and Health. Published a journal called ''The Scout''. Its constitution pledged it to "improve its members socially, morally and intellectually, giving all the moral and material aid in its power to members and their dependents". This included sick and death benefits, as well as a plan for a home for aged or invalid members and their dependents.〔Preuss p.19〕 *American Insurance Union *American Legion of Honor *American Order of Druids - Founded in Fall River, Massachusetts May 17, 1888 by William Pearson and William A. Dunn. Among the founders were members of the Grand United Order of Druids, the Ancient Order of United Workmen and the United Order of Pilgrim Fathers. Membership was open to men and women in the New England states. There were 2,300 members in the late 1890s. The first Council was held on July 9, 1888. Paid sick and death benefits.〔Stevens p.123〕 Apparently defunct by the early 1920s.〔Preuss p.25〕 *American Order of the Square - Founded in 1921 in Rochester, NY. The "superintendent of organization" was John A. J. Papineau. Claimed to be non-sectarian and non-secret. A "patriotic, protective and philanthropic order" which also paid sick benefits.〔Preuss p.26〕 *American Stars of Equity - Founded in 1903 in Illinois. Open to both sexes.〔Axelrod p.9〕 Had 1,295 members in 1905. Headquarters in Freeport, Illinois. Provided accident, partial disability and total disability benefits. Disbanded between 1910 and 1915.〔Schmidt p.39〕 Merged in the North American Union in 1913.〔''Fraternal Monitor'' December 1920 Vol. XXIX #6 p.19〕 *American Woodmen - Organized in 1901. Admitted men and women. Had 51,906 members in 525 lodges. Head office in the Arapaho Building, Denver, Colorado.〔Preuss p.33〕 *American Workmen - Founded in 1908 in the District of Columbia. Open to men and women. In 1923 it had 14,629 members in 208 lodges in the District of Columbia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee and Kansas. Headquarters at 716 Eleventh Street, Washington, DC. Published ''The American Workmen''. Worked six degrees, First, Second, Third, Sixth, tenth and Honor, each with distinctive "degree buttons". Had a secret ritual. Offered burial, sick, old age and accident benefits.〔Preuss pp.33-4〕 *Ancient and Illustrious Order of the Star of Bethlehem - Had an elaborate pseudohistory which stated that the order was founded in the first century AD and connected the order, inter alia, with the Knights Templar, the Waldensians, the Bethlehemites, the Spanish Inquisition, St. Bartholomew's Day massacre and Giles Corey. The English-based order was permanently established in the United States in 1869 by Albert Gross of Newcastle upon Tyne. At this point the organization was known as the Knights of the Star of Bethlehem. The Grand Commandery of Pennsylvania was instituted in 1870 and the Eminent Grand Commandery of North America in 1871. The order prospered for a while but membership declined between 18778 and 1884 and the organization was reorganized under the above name. Membership was open to acceptable men and women over the ages of 18 and 16 respectively. In the late 1890s the Order reportedly had more than 17,000 members in 19 states〔Stevens p.182〕 In 1923 the Order still had 17,000 members, in 250 lodges in the US and the Canal Zone, with 20 lodges in the British West Indies. Headquarters at 5004 Cass Ave. Detroit.〔Preuss p.36〕 In addition to the Eminent Grand Commandery the reorganized bodies of the order included the Grand Council, Uniformed Conclaves and Subordinate Lodges. Paid sick, accident, disability and death benefits. Also endeavored to solve disputes between members by arbitration, procure employment and "defend the life, limb and reputation of its members from unjust assault".〔Stevens p.182〕 Published ''The Fraternal Index''.〔Preuss p.36〕 *Ancient Order of Gleaners *Ancient Order of Knights of Jerusalem - "One of the smaller fraternal benefit associations, paying death and funeral benefits." Its headquarters was in Washington, D.C. and it had a female auxiliary called the Ancient Order of the Daughters of Jerusalem.〔Stevens p.229〕 It was apparently defunct by the early 1920s.〔Preuss p.44〕 *Ancient Order of Pyramids - Founded in June 1895 in Topeka, Kansas. Admitted men and women. In 1904 had a benefit membership of 13,207 and social membership of 2,800 in 243 subordinate lodges operating in Kansas, Missouri, Indian Territory, Oklahoma, Illinois, Colorado and South Dakota. By 1904 the "Office of the Supreme Lodge" was in at the Gibraltar Building in Kansas City, Missouri. Officers included the Royal Prophet and the Royal Scribe.〔Stevens p.128〕〔''Statistics, Fraternal Societies'', 1904 pp.20-1〕 Was apparently defunct by the early 1920s.〔Preuss p.46〕 *Ancient Order of Sanhedrims - Founded April 1, 1895 in Richmond, Indiana (other sources say Virginia〔Preuss p.46〕) by W. S. Iliff and Franklin Van Nuys. It was open to men of good moral character, sound physically and already a member in good standing in a secret society. It was a splinter group of the "Orientals" (other sources use the name Ancient Order of the Knights of the Orient〔Preuss p.46〕), a side degree of the Knights of Pythias.〔Stevens p.229〕 *Ancient Order of United Workmen *Arctic Brotherhood *Artisans Order of Mutual Protection *Atlantic Self-Endowment Association - Founded in 1886 in Greenville, South Carolina. Insured the lives of its members by mutual assessments. Reported defunct in the late 1890s.〔Stevens p.130〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of North American fraternal benefit orders」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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